Importance Of Behaviorism And Neobehaviorism - 1012 Words

In chapter 11, the authors discuss neobehaviorism and neo-neobehaviorism. The authors also discuss the importance of operationism to the neobehaviorist and sociobehaviorism to the neo-neobehaviorist. These behaviorists believed that behavior should be observed objectively with precise scientific terms. Some of researchers (Bandura and Rotter) thought that cognitive processes were important and some thought that cognitive processes were not so important (Hull, Skinner, Tolman) when observing human and animal behavior. Keywords: neobehaviorism, neo-neobehaviorism, social cognitive theory, cognition, operationism Reaction Journal Eight: Behaviorism according to Tolman, Hull, Skinner, Bandura and Rotter This week’s reading was a†¦show more content†¦Also, by repeating a task, the subject creates a cognitive map in which he then is able to recall several different paths to the goal. Clark Hull had a similar theory, but instead of purposiveness, he called them drives. Some drives are related to survival (primary) and some are learned (secondary) from reacting to stimulus that helps reduce the primary drive. Sometimes these secondary drives can be considered reinforcements to the primary drive and can become primary drives. Hull came up with the hypothetico-deductive method, which basically meant making hypothesis, testing them, and making deductions about the results. The problem with Hull was that he was criticized for not using large groups when testing his hypotheses, thus making his results questionable. B. F. Skinner, on the other hand, never came up with hypotheses and simp ly looked objectively at responses. He was not concerned with internal processes and his method was only concerned with describing observable responses. Like Hull, Skinner used few subjects in his research and viewed humans as machine-like. Skinner also came up with the idea of operant conditioning where a response is observed even without an observable stimulus. Finally, Skinner also investigated reinforcement schedules to see if responses were affected by delaying reinforcement in a positive or negative manner. Skinner also believed that desired human behaviors could be modified through the use of

Censorship vs. Book Lists - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 343 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Censorship Essay Did you like this example? The increasing number of book challenges continue to be an ever-present conversation among a wide variety of communities. According to Natalie Diblasiors article Schools Once Again Face Bind over Censorship vs. Book Lists, the American Library Association (ALA) reports that in the United States schools have banned more than 20 books and faced more than 50 challenges in the year 2011 and that number is continuing to increase (2011). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Censorship vs. Book Lists" essay for you Create order The National Director of the Anti-defamation League, Abraham Foxman, claims that challenges are most commonly influenced by politics and economy but usually initiated by parents (Diblasio, 2011). Many of the initiated challenges are because of parents seeking age-appropriate reading material that they personally do not see present in the school system. In addition, politically motivated school boards try to determine what students read, what they think, and what teachers should teach thus creating more challenges (Diblasio, 2011). Library Association spokesperson Jennifer Petersen says that the challenges that are reported have declined from 513 in 2008 to 348 in 2011 but this may not include challenges that her group never learns about (Diblasio, 2011). There are plenty of challenges that go unnoticed, leading one to believe that this issue may be more predominant than initial reports say. Book challenges happen in a number of different places. For instance, according to the Office of Intellectual Freedom, there were 491 book challenges in the year 2017. Of these reported challenges, 25% of them happen at school while 56% happen at public libraries illustrating how widespread book censorship can be. As well, based on a survey conducted, that received 318 responses, 42% of initiated challenges are from patrons while 32% are from parents thus demonstrating where many book challenges come from (2017). Terra Dankowski, a writer for the American Libraries Magazine, reports in her article titled By the Numbers: Banned Books Week that 11,300 books have been challenged since 1982 (2015). As these numbers represent, book censorship is not a new rising issue but rather one that has been present for many years. As these problems, displayed by these statistics, surrounding book censorship continue to make their way into public rhetoric, they begin to threaten childrenrs access to informative literature.

Preparing for Academic Success at the Graduate Level

Preparing for Academic Success at the Graduate Level Monica Stracuzza COM/600 September 15, 2014 Gracie Aguilera Characteristics of Graduate Writing Writing at the graduate level is a significant part of a students coursework when entering into a Masters program. Throughout a persons college career, they have written many papers in their undergraduate studies, but writing papers at a graduate level differs from previous styles of writing. There are very distinct characteristics in graduate writing. Following the rules of graduate writing correctly, makes for a clear and precise paper; grabbing the audiences attention, and making the point of the paper undeniable to the reader, while using facts†¦show more content†¦The information should be organized in a logical manner so that the writer can build their case around the original thesis. Organizing a paper correctly results in a fluid flow from section to section, making the transitions easy to follow. Connecting the paper as a whole and any details, examples, or specifics will logically develop the central idea of the paper. A graduate level writer will also possess the ability to interpret the material, which entails the ability to decipher between an analysis and synthesis, and then chooses one or the other. The synthesis is a combination of the idea that leads to a theory, and analysis is the separation and breakdown of these elements. Writing Strengths and Weaknesses When writing a paper, everyone has strengths and weaknesses. My personal strengths that I believe I possess are editing, free-writing, and organization. My grammar skills are not weak, but there is room for improvement. One of my biggest weaknesses in writing graduate papers is APA formatting. Although I have not had any issues with plagiarism, I have trouble with properly citing source specifics from books to articles, to web pages, and magazines. I will work on improving all my weakness, and fine tuning my strengths because while I believe I possess the ability to write naturally, writing within guidelines is something learned. Managing Time, Stress, and Finding Balance The process ofShow MoreRelatedPreparing for academic success at a graduate level1139 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Preparing for Academic Success at the Graduate Level COM/600 Preparing for Academic Success at the Graduate Level Having academic success is what a person strives for as they first pursue a collegiate education especially at a graduate level. 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Hierarchical Model of Technology Adoption †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Hierarchical Model of Technology Adoption. Answer: Introduction Legitimate decision making is an integral part of the management and thousands of decisions can be through this process. The role of manager or leaders in the organization is important in that case to make the proper decision, which is useful and relevant from the company's perspective. There are some objectives set by the management and composing those objectives in proper way managerial activities is needed from the concern manager. To make sustainable decision making sections, leaders have to be enough confident with their decision statements. A decision can change the entire scenario of the organization and also change in the dimension of the company (Rezaei, 2015). The factors may be motivating or demotivating for the employees but a change will come in the organization and that is the essence of decision-making activities. Decision-making situation can arise in an organization when some problems have come and there are two ways to mitigate that. One process may hamper the inter nal situation when mitigation process is done and another process is to cease the problem without harming any of the internal or external loss. But the problem is to choose that one. An ongoing activity is not stated on the occasion that which one is the right path rather the administrative obstacle and operation process complication is there to confuse the situation. At that moment, leader vision and mentality has come up with a dynamic end. Comprehensive decision-making tools used in those situations to mitigate those problems and through those tools effective measurement can be taken. In this reflective decision-making report, all the decision-making tools and their theoretical implications are delivered. A balance system is required for the decision-making situation. An intellectual mind of leader or manager is important in that case and problem defining and planning and executing the plan is the main prospect of this report. In this case, three most relevant decision-making theories and models also stated and their uses in this field are also delivered with this report. The ethics of decision making in every case and personal understanding along with the step of decision making is important and critical analyzed in this report. Decision-making styles The business setting in present times is beleaguered with companies, which have made strategic errors and these are frequently in the manner to do with lack of appropriate decisions taken by the leaders and managers in these organization. There are some instances also that provide a string access to business failure due to wrong decision-making case. The failure of Chrysler and Ford and different Japanese auto motors companies are the victim of this situation. Their decision making qualities are dynamic in some cases but not all cases and as the productivity of the technology is very high these incidents of wrong decision making are quite normal to them (Spencer, Buhalis Moital, 2012). There are mainly three approaches to decision making like individual decision making, corporate decision making and OODA loop and decision making. All these approaches are heading towards better decision making and leaders are taking situational decision for the development of the company. Four decisi on-making styles are there like Analytic decision-making style, Conceptual decision-making style, Directive decision-making style and Behavioral decision-making style. Managers have to make rational decisions in some cases. The rational decision and careful alteration is the most effective part of analytic decision-making style. The factual decision is aligned with the decision and leaders of this genre can cope up with any unique situations. The decision-making style has come up in a case in an uncertainty way. The leaders of this decision making do not take their decision in a hurry (Elbanna, Child Dayan, 2013). Rather they take some time to thing amount the past experiences and the consequences of this to make it more relevant and significant in an application. The conceptual decision-making style is intuitive in nature. Through the thinking of the decision management, high tolerance of ambiguity and choice for the alternative is there and they have taken all sorts of decisions at a risk (Snyder Diesing, 2015). There is no guarantee about the success and no historical analyses of past experiences are not considered in that case still the concepts the infrastructural fact to this decision making. Directive decision making is knowledge oriented. Leaders are rational in that case and logical thinking and the quick decisions are needed to be made for the mitigation of problems situation (Rezaei, 2016). Logic, idea and managing the decision are the main perspective of this decision-making style and low tolerance process is applicable in that situation. Behavior change in decision making is another decision-making process and it depends on the team discussion and the interaction with teammates (Smith, 2014). Clear communication and avoidance of conflict is the main motive of the decision making a statement and that motivated employees to do work in a right manner. In all the decision-making style the major thing that I have noticed is the possible way of managing the situation. they may come in way to the team meeting or discussion or even in form of an analytical or time taking situation but the main consequence will come in the form or better result and that is more important in this decision making cases. Decision-making tools Decision-making tools and techniques are important for better organizational consequence. In case of graphs and models, all these techniques are processed with the factors of the problem situation and deliver the best-recommended way to analyze the position. A decision matrix is the first tool that evaluates the options for decisions. When faced with numerous choices and innumerable variables, adecision matrixcan state uncertainty about the options and emphasize points that may feature the consequence (Moore et al., 2012). This quantitative method can get rid of sentiment, as well as uncertainty, so you can direct the business efficiently. Decision making helps in case of prioritizing the tasks and deliver the options of crafting arguments and defend the decision that helps in that case. In case of the matrix, we can use several websites platforms like MindTools or iSixSigma.com for making a better decision in the organization. Factors, which are creating problems, are determined by this factor and importance of the factors is more relevant as all these factors need to mitigate for the better decision-making situation. T-chart is another tool of decision making and this tool considers all the positive and negative aspects of decision-making situation (Yksel, 2012). In most of the cases, decisions are dynamic and they need to determine through technique. In this case, eventual decision and analytical view of decision making are important for the development of the organization. Decision trees are graphs or diagram, which explores the alternative way of decision making and takes the consequences of the decision (Crossan, Mazutis Seijts, 2013). In most of the cases, the possible branch of decision making is available and alternatives will come in that situation that helps to calculate the probable findings. The decision making situations are important in multiple times and leaders to have to manage some situation that will reflect in their decision making a success. The organizational difference can be predicted by the SWOT and PEST analysis. All the internal and external aspects of the business can be justified by that process (Thiel et al., 2012). The conjoint analysis is also important in that case to make the proper decision for the organization. In thing, the whole process of decision making is depending on the using of tools and an allied way to connect the tools with the organizational decision making cases. The uses of tools are quite relevant in that case and in case of final decision making these processes are important to get a productive reflection. Models of decision making Naturalistic decision making is the process to understand how humans are making their decision in a complex real-world setting. The conditions are changing with the globalized situation of the company and the dynamic conditions are applied with the real-time reaction and changes. Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis (MAUA) is the classical approach to decision-making situation. This model is the classic model that has been used in earlier but with the method of weighing evidence optimal core action, the new seeming model needs to be introduced to identify the evaluating criteria. Classical strategies are confronted a huge deterioration after the pressure situation (Klein, 2008). On that moment, rapid change in decision making is needed. A developed form of applying analytical method and accuracies in evaluation is the decision-making scenario that is needed for the skill development and changing conditions. The process takes simply enough time and that much of time is not always have to the organization. Some of the features of naturalistic decision making are: Defined goal and ill-structured situation analysis is the main aspect of this decision-making system. Uncertainty and ambiguity is the concerning aspect of the decision-making situation. As the prompt decision has been made in this revised form of concept so the data missing is a big lack of this decision making the section. Sometimes goals are competing with each other and that demonstrates the shifting shell and action feedback that solely identifies the changed conditions (Kreps, 2018). Time stress has remained in this decision-making situation. High stakes are also there in this decision-making genre. Experienced decision making is necessary for the organization. I understand the revised strategy is a recognized form of decision making leaders use to make their decision after surveying experience situation. The goals, critical clues, expectancies and typical action are implemented recognize symptoms of decision market. The situation process is one of the complex methods that will help to get naturalistic decision-making case and that will provide enough experience to the situation. I also understand prime decisions are not made from the selective generation and that satisfying opinion and that evaluation are important in that case. I also understand that the process is not optimizing, it is a model of the satisfying. These are the key feature of the recognition-Prime decision model. Rapid Decision-making model on Fire Grounds by Gary Klein Rapid decision making is important in case of fire grounds and in such cases, decision making is more important than anything else. As the situation is in the war field so long time is not provided for this decision king situation. As commented by Klein, decision-making strategies in war field or fire grounds are different than another situation. There are some dimensional changes that leaders have to make for the survival to diminish the opponents. Time pressure is one of the following facts that come with that theory. As the influencing situation has been created on that moment and options are really less, the thus improved situation is needed for this time (Klein, Calderwood Clinton-Cirocco, 1986). Allocation of sufficient time to think and makes the decision from the past incidents is not applicable here and that approach pressurizes the entire thing and process the ability in fire round. Another dimension is like expertise. Training and experience is the core concept of experti se and the present form of unfamiliar raining issue instructs them to behave in that kind of manner. The decisions are sometimes ruthless but most of the time it was impactful for the nation (Levin Datnow, 2012). In case of critical situation, to get rid of fire field, critical analysis and step-by-step decision and command making system is important. In that case, gathering data and decision-making system are aligned with the "unnatural request" which is a form of commitment approach that comes in the context of argumentum interaction cases. The decisions that are taken in the fire ground are aimed to nullify the destruction and employees are trained and selected in that manner only that they can come up in every occasion and follow their leader's voice and attempt for the mitigation program. Quality control procedure is another aspect that needs to take care of and the inter-code reliability is the most promising option of this procedure. The informal decisions are made and that analyze each incident and accounts where this theory of Klein has been implemented (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Through the incidents characteristic the situation can be understood and the error will be mitigated by the process and proper judgment and decisions can be made. In case of an interview, human resource team aware employees about the situation and they have to face in future. Risk-oriented learning and the adjoining life leading aspect is the main genre of this and decides the time and opportunities in fire field cases (Shepherd, Willia ms Patzelt, 2015). There are some time gaps and time limit for the check issues in fire field and operate the process for the shortest risk-oriented case. Time division is allocated for every process and that will segment the process in an effective way. I have a good understanding of this theory of Klein. I think the process of rapid decision making in the fireplace, battlefields are important. The decision of fire fields and rate of flow in case of making good decision at the right time is the most happening situation in the fire field so wide range of the multiple scaling and the approximate decision-making situation are naturalistic in that situation and that helps in case of estimating the employees retention, productivity, assurance, quality and decision implementation. The Shared Decision making Continuum The shared decision in the continuum is another aspect of decision making and engagement is associated with the medical field. In case of medical decision making during the 20th century, the significance of decision making and that preferred shared management in case of critical care is important. The advocacy inpatient situation and what are the needed factors for the patients is the most important of criteria this decision-making system. The situation is important for the patient care and demonstrates the strict autonomy that accepted in the worldwide concept of United States mainly. There are five segments of decision-making situation and each segment determines the feeling of an intrusive manner of patients. Patient responsibility is the most happening thing for the continuum decision-making case and that impacted over the value natural case (Kon, 2010). For example, the independent way of the physical situation and intravenous line placing is the most affecting aspect of this th eory. Patient preferences must direct the approach perceived here, and physicians must realize that each patient is unlike in nature and may have dissimilar preferences at special times and for this situation, different types of decision-making situation will be created. Some physicians may be liable to use merely certain decision-making approaches for detailed types of decisions; though, patient preferences and decision making approaches diverge extensively regardless of the nature of decision being considered (Di Fabio Saklofske, 2014). I think the procedure has a physician recommendation and physician driven decisions are important in that case. The equal partnership and patient's wishes are the major things in implementing the process. Excellent communication skill is also needed for the process and that encourage the patients to recover at the earliest. Active learning skills and the future work burden has mitigated through the decision-making system and I find it more relevant to the patient care as the life-saving scenario is related to the situation as well. Decision-making approaches and incorporation of sustainability Decision-making approach is important for the organization and that will help to strengthen the pillars of organizational sustainability. In case of decision making, three aspects are most important in the organization. Economic, Environmental and Social are these aspects and these act as a uniform way and deliver the best possible findings that analyze the impact assessment of the organization. Green accounting, integrated assessment modeling and ecosystem service valuation are important in this factor that encourages the health impact cases in social sections (Kaner, 2014). Approaches are determined through the experience of the decision maker and the intellectual context of the leader and the positional approach of the leaders' important to take a correct decision on that moment. The use of the methodology for the implementation of decision is also important in that case and that somehow encourages the mental efficacy to take the proper decision on that moment The standard of the problems and appropriate techniques to measure the situation is also related with the decision making cases, where the decisions are motivated in organizational success. In case of decision making in the business context, managers use sales predict, profit forecast and value supplementary etc, in view of the opportunity cost of not enchanting the decision. Business managers use lots of tools like Oracle Crystal Ball, to envisage outcomes in different scenarios. Collect, compile, compare, consider are the four aspects of right decision making and through the attraction and operational process of business, the language of understanding is important in that case. An influencing situation can be addressed by a number of factors o decision making (Conway Gawronski, 2013). These factors, including precedent knowledge, cognitive biases, age and individual differences, belief in personal significance, and a boom of obligation, influence what choices people formulate. Indulgent with the factors that authority decision making progress is important to consider what decisions are completed. That is, the factors that influence the process may brunt the outcomes. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that decision-making system is important in case of managing the organization in a right way. The decision-making process is important for making the decision in fire field, patient care case or in the different organization where challenges will come in form of better objective achievable case. In that situation, that acceptability of decision making and implemented models are used by the leaders and they initiate the whole process for the development of the organization. From the past experience and for the future decision-making situation process a correct decision making is important. In that case, this process provides some intend of cognitive biases that make a globalised change in the organization, hospitals and even in the fire fields. References Conway, P., Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), 216. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), 567-581. Di Fabio, A., Saklofske, D. H. (2014). Comparing ability and self-report trait emotional intelligence, fluid intelligence, and personality traits in career decision.Personality and Individual Differences,64, 174-178. Elbanna, S., Child, J., Dayan, M. (2013). A model of antecedents and consequences of intuition in strategic decision-making: evidence from Egypt.Long Range Planning,46(1-2), 149-176. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Kaner, S. (2014).Facilitator's guide to participatory decision-making. John Wiley Sons. Klein, G. A., Calderwood, R., Clinton-Cirocco, A. (1986). Rapid decision making on the fire ground. InProceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 576-580). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. Klein, G. (2008). Naturalistic decision making.Human factors,50(3), 456-460. Kon, A. A. (2010). The shared decision-making continuum.Jama,304(8), 903-904. Kreps, D. (2018).Notes on the Theory of Choice. Routledge. Levin, J. A., Datnow, A. (2012). The principal role in data-driven decision making: Using case-study data to develop multi-mediator models of educational reform.School Effectiveness and School Improvement,23(2), 179-201. Moore, K., Smallman, C., Wilson, J., Simmons, D. (2012). Dynamic in-destination decision-making: An adjustment model.Tourism management,33(3), 635-645. Rezaei, S. (2015). Segmenting consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) toward marketing practice: A partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 1-15. Rezaei, J. (2016). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model.Omega,64, 126-130. Shepherd, D. A., Williams, T. A., Patzelt, H. (2015). Thinking about entrepreneurial decision making: Review and research agenda.Journal of management,41(1), 11-46. Smith, W. K. (2014). Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), 1592-1623. Snyder, G. H., Diesing, P. (2015).Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making, and system structure in international crises. Princeton University Press. Spencer, A. J., Buhalis, D., Moital, M. (2012). A hierarchical model of technology adoption for small owner-managed travel firms: An organizational decision-making and leadership perspective.Tourism management,33(5), 1195-1208. Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J. F., Mumford, M. D. (2012). Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), 49-64. Yksel, ?. (2012). Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), 52.

Being Hefty Essay Example

Being Hefty Essay Example Being Hefty Essay Being Hefty Essay We all start out equal; Little blobs of blood and muscle. It’s a setup for great potential. We eat, sleep, work, and repeat. Every day of our lives we do these things, but these every day tasks we do, are becoming easier. The world is changing. Everything is becoming simpler. We are moving from an industrial society into a technologically advanced industrial society. We no longer need people doing hard work. We can simply make machines that do the same work as a human can. A machine only needs someone typing commands into a computer for it to do its job, and a little oil here and there. The draw back to this is that People are getting fatter, less fit and more unhealthy everyday, and we know it. We go to a doctor wondering, why Am I getting fat? Why do I have high cholesterol? Why is my blood pressure through the roof? The answer is simple, we dont take care of ourselves anymore. We sit at work all day, Then come home and eat unhealthy food. So what do we do? We go to gyms. Experts believe that having regular physical activity can boost your self-esteem. Help you sleep better, and help make you look and feel better during the day. I can go to a doctors office right now and have him do a check up and he would tell me Im perfectly healthy. My blood pressure is good and my cholesterol levels are good. That is not the same for everyone though. Most people will go to a doctors office and theyre told that they are over weight. The food they are eating everyday is making their bodies sick. That they will more than likely have a heart attack by he age of 50 if they dont watch their diet and eat healthier. This is a sad fact about the society we live in, but this is true. Then again I do work in a labor intensive job. Where Im required to keep up a physical status and stay healthy. I go to the gym almost every day of the week and when I dont go I have at the least one hour of physical training in the morning to help stay in shape. Most people work in an office were they type reports all day or sit behind a desk pushing buttons so that machines can do all the heavy lifting. You tend to gain some weight if youre not careful. There will always be those people who just sit around and procrastinate about going to the gym. They will look for any reason not to go to the gym. This is being completely lazy and irresponsible not to take care of you body. If you dont like going to the gym, then go on a jog, or run outside on a nice day. Get an exercise DVD and actually use it for more than a paper weight. You dont have to become the next Arnold Schwarzenegger, just make sure youre at least staying healthy. I learned at a very young age that being obese wasnt an acceptable thing to be. I’d seen members of my family that were morbidly obese. They were hooked up to all kinds of machines that I had no idea what they were for and it scared me. I didnt want to end up like them. My parents didnt ever care if I was a little chubby. They did however not want me to become fat and unhealthy staying inside and play video games all day. They preferred me to be outside playing sports, hanging out with friends, or something that was active. Do you know that by living healthier and having regular physical fitness it can increase your life span? Yes, it can. It has been proven that by living healthy and working out, you can live a longer happier life. When you go to a gym it helps you relive stress and tension in your body. People handle stress in many ways. Some like to smoke cigarettes or go drinking and get wasted every night, Neither of which are very health for you. Others may like to go up into the mountains and shoot a rifle at cans and bottles. I enjoy going to the gym. If Im stressed out about something it usually means I’m angry about something that had happened during that day. It gives me a good outlet to relive all that anger built up throughout the day and take it out on the weights. Going climbing is a great stress reliever for me as well . It gives me a sense of achievement when I finish a difficult route. There is no better feeling then when I completed a route that Ive been working on for the past few days. Going to the gym can also help you get a better nights rest. During the day your body stores sugars and fats from all the food we eat during the day. If you go to bed without burning some of the sugars and other things you have accumulated during the day your body turns it into fat. Going to the gym burns that sugar and saturated fats and turns them into muscle and helps tire you out so you can go to bed at a decent hour and be well rested for the nest day. Eating unhealthy is a big reason some people cant get a good night rest. When youre going to the gym you want to eat healthier. If you eat a McDonalds Big Mac right before you go to the gym it makes you feel like crap. A Big Mac is full of simple sugars among many other thing that are not good for you. It doesnt help your body in any kind of way when you go to work out. If you eat a banana before a work out you feel energized. Bananas are full of potassium which helps you feel happy, they give you a good energy boost and help prevent cramps while you are exercising. Sometimes if you have high blood pressure you may think that going to the gym will raise it to dangerous levels. This is true but only for a short time. When you stop exercising your blood pressure will return to normal and the lower your blood presser returns to the more physically fit you become. Having daily physical exercise a great thing for you body. I know that I love going on runs and going to the gym now. It makes me feel better throughout the day, and I feel well rested in the mornings. I know that there are people out there that will always try to find a way to get out of going to the gym, but in the end it will bite them in the butt because they didnt want to spend an hour out of their day to stay healthy.

Castro Gay Village Gentrification in San Francisco

Castro Gay Village Gentrification in San Francisco â€Å"For decades, most big cities have had a district that was understood to be the place to go if you were gay - the West Village and Chelsea in New York City, Dupont Circle in Washington, the South End in Boston. Men and women who had kept their sexual orientations hidden reveled in the freedom to live openly as gay†[1]. The gay city (or a gay neighborhood) is an urban location with its frontiers where many gay, lesbian and also bisexual people live and develop their community.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Castro Gay Village Gentrification in San Francisco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Castro Gay Village in San Francisco is one of the most popular ones, and it is also considered to be the San Francisco’s most popular place for tourism, recreation and rest. It is also one of the safest districts of the region and a much cleaner than the rest ones. Indeed, it is a very friendly neighborhood . However, these days, the process of urban gentrification which, affects the lives of people and enhances the property values, raises fears among the gay leaders concerning the preservation of their gay community. They provide the idea that the process of urban gentrification may result in losing their distinct identities.. In other words, in their view, the gentrification is forced by heterosexual couples arriving in the district and starting their business there, thus, Castro ceases to be a â€Å"gay ghetto† and loses its identity becoming â€Å"an ordinary district† of San Francisco. In this paper, we are going to explore the peculiarities of the process of an urban gay gentrification and its consequences. Before 1970’s the gay cities haven’t been developed. There existed so called â€Å"gay social network† and small gay communities were located in certain urban areas, clubs, etc., under the surveillance of the police. In 1969, the police raid a private gay bar Stonewall. It led to disturbances in the neighbor areas. Thus, the first gay ghettos appeared and â€Å"an alternative lifestyle flourished in San Francisco†[2]. Today, there are many gay cities that are called â€Å"gay-friendly oasis† surrounded by hostile city. These districts are adjusted to the needs of their inhabitants. They have many establishments, such as gay pubs and bars, restaurants, etc., â€Å"by representing a degree of social control by the gay community, such places created the feeling of being a safe haven against risk of discrimination and/or violence†[3]. When the gay cities have just developed, the process of gay gentrification began. It was caused by the fact that gay cities were much â€Å"cozier† and safer. Moreover, in such â€Å"communities†, people felt more comfortable and more opportunities were opened for them. So scholars assume that there are there explanations of gay gentrification (gentrification theories). The first one is the rent-gap theory. It presupposes that â€Å"gentrification occurs because developers sense the profits that can be made by acquiring cheap properties†. [4] The second theory estimates that gentrification was caused by consumer demands and the third theory provides that gay gentrification was provoked by demographic shifts, such as â€Å"the postponement of marriage and childbearing, the increased number of single women, and the desire of gay men and lesbians to carve out a space free from oppression†[5]Advertising Looking for term paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Castro Village in San Francisco is one of the largest gay cities in the USA and, â€Å"currently, one-third of The Castro’s residents identify themselves as gay or lesbian, compared with 13 percent citywide. Gay activists say it is important to maintain communities that gay p eople feel safe in and consider their home†[6]. The Castro Village was one of the first gay cities in the USA. The first local gay activist Harvey Milk became a City Supervisor and fought for equality of human rights for the gay minority of San Francisco. Thus, the city was an important place for cultural and political activities. Today, it is more â€Å"tourist† and calm place, rather than a â€Å"venue† for political activities. In the light of gentrification, one of the most important questions is â€Å"Will the Castro remain gay or take on another new name and new set of immigrants?†[7]. The gentrification of the gay cities is constantly catalyzing in the modern society that seeks for globalization and economical welfare of the society. This process affects the social and spatial characteristics of the city while providing changes into the national economy: â€Å"Places such as the Castro area of San Francisco or the West Hollywood district of Los Ang eles have played a significant role in the evolution of a gay subculture. And the gentrification of districts has created distinctive urban landscape†[8]. However, these days, there is a threat of destruction of this subculture in the city, as many heterogeneous couples seeking for better living come and stay in the city. One of the reasons of this tendency is that society became tolerant towards gay, lesbian and bisexual people and their communities. In some areas and countries, the marriages between man and man or woman and woman were legalized. These days, people do not need to hide their sexual orientations, consequently, they do not need places where it can be possible and they can live openly. The gay leaders have different points of view in the influence of the urban gentrification. Some of them consider that it vanishes away the gay identity and gay culture, others consider it to be a great breakthrough in the fight against racism and inequality of human rights. The ge ntrification is a popular term applied to the social and cultural â€Å"shifts† or displacement. It is the result when well-off people settle or acquire property in working class communities. Thus, the price of property, housing and taxes rises that makes â€Å"former inhabitants† leave the community.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Castro Gay Village Gentrification in San Francisco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the live of community can cease, or a new community can develop. The urban gentrification may change the character of the community while making it more economically consistent. This process is a part of the new economy of globalization. Apart from economic changes, there are many cultural ones. In general, the process of urban gentrification is a positive one and enhances an economic life of the city, but it is also can be regarded as a negative one, as it affects lives of individuals and communities. Speaking about gay urban gentrification, many scholars claim that it can lead to development of new consumption space and stimulate the increase of the gay identity: â€Å"The production of San Franciscos Castro as a gay neighborhood, for instance, could be read as a fairly straightforward account of gentrification, given the in-migration of higher-income residents, the renovation of housing stock and enhancement of property values, and the development of new cultural and consumer spaces†[9]. Thus, the new urban â€Å"face† can be regarded as more compatible with some peculiarities of the gay and lesbian lifestyles. Indeed, the politics of gay gentrification is more complex. Apparently, not all gay people are engaged in the gentrification process. The result of a â€Å"selective† gentrification is that it is a â€Å"class-rooted† process. Apparently, the gay communities are multicultural, but there are still some racial and c lass prejudices and the communities are still skewing toward white well-off population, â€Å"when it is combined with the social activism that helps construct gay and lesbian identity against social oppression, gentrification begins to seem like a geographic as well as social strategy of identity construction†[10]. So, we can come to a conclusion that a gay community is rather conservative one, though: â€Å"Evidence of the geographic variability of gay and lesbian identities in the United States suggests that urban – and, in different ways, rural – spaces are significant for the formation of sexual identities†[11]. Many scholars assume that in the core of the gay gentrification is the â€Å"the community activism† that is aimed at providing various services and access to housing which will enable the encouragement of the â€Å"constitution of gay and lesbian identities†[12], but at the same time it can clear the class boundaries.Advertisin g Looking for term paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, we can come to a conclusion that the process of urban gay gentrification is a coin of two sides. In the one hand, it has a very positive influence on the development of the economics of the country and provides the economic welfare of the communities. Moreover, many scholars assume that gentrification is a considerable â€Å"step forward† in the fight against racism, class prejudices and inequality of human rights. Thus, these days, gay and lesbian people do not need to hide their sexual orientation and, as a consequence, there is no need for the â€Å"gay ghettos†. On the other hand, many gay leaders claim that gay gentrification provides the destruction of the gay identity. At any rate, the gentrification is an important part of the progress. Bibliographies Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. Duncan, James S., Nuala Christina Johnson, and Richard H. Schein. A Companion to Cultural Geography. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. â⠂¬Å"Gentrification† Accessed from glbtq.com/social-sciences/gentrification.htm. â€Å"Gay Neighborhoods Worry about Losing Identity†. Last modified February 3 2007. msnbc.msn.com/id/17583200/ns/us_news-life/ Pacione, Michael. Urban Geography: A Global Perspective. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Scholten, Pauline. â€Å"The Next Generation (1995 through Today)†, Castro CBD. Accessed from castrocbd.org/content/history. Smith, Neil. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. New York: Routledge, 1996. Tonkiss, Frank. Space, The City and Social Theory: Social Relations and Urban forms. Cambridge: Polity, 2005. Footnotes 1. â€Å"Gay Neighborhoods Worry about Losing Identity†, last modified February 3 2007, msnbc.msn.com/id/17583200/ns/us_news-life/ Manuel Castells. The Power of Identity. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), 273. Michael Pacione. Urban Geography: A Global Perspective. (New York: Taylor Francis, 2009), 383 â€Å"Gentrificat ion†, Accessed from glbtq.com/social-sciences/gentrification.htm. â€Å"Gentrification†, Accessed from glbtq.com/social-sciences/gentrification.htm. Pauline Scholten, â€Å"The Next Generation (1995 through Today)†, Castro CBD, Accessed from castrocbd.org/content/history. Scholten, n. p. Pacione, 383 Frank Tonkiss. Space, The City and Social Theory: Social Relations and Urban forms. (Cambridge: Polity, 2005), 109. Neil Smith. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. (New York: Routledge, 1996), 102. James S. Duncan, Nuala Christina Johnson, and Richard H. Schein. A Companion to Cultural Geography. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), 324. Smith, 108.

Why are the words of the blues so important Essay

Why are the words of the blues so important - Essay Example Blues are normally characteristic of songs that convey the deep struggles of the black people in several aspects of life, particularly the ones that occur to reflect the bitter past on account of their historical and racial conflicts during the times of the Civil War and the War on Independence prior. Through world history, it has become widely known that blacks had a significant number of excruciating encounters of slavery, social injustice, sex and labor abuse, as well as other forms of oppression, being treated as an inferior race and all these, apparently, constitute the lyrical blues quite specific to them. On this ground, the words of the blues acquire profound essence as they collectively embody the nature and identity of the blacks in association to their ordeals, sufferings, adventures, and indifference to the superior race through times. As a concrete instance, when Bill Lucas sings â€Å"I’m just a poor boy; people, I can’t even write my name / Every letter in the alphabet to me they look the same †¦ I just been a poor boy; ain’t caught nothing but hell†, he sings to the true beat of black rhythm that speaks of poverty and lack of academic opportunity due to color discrimination, affecting many black communities including his family whose main wage source comes from farming. 2. Why were work songs important to the slaves and later to African Americans who worked in the fields? Look at the lyrics of Rosie. What do these lyrics say about the African American culture of the time? (6 points) Based on J.T. Titon’s findings, â€Å"the song ‘Rosie’ was used to regulate the axe blows when the workers were felling large trees .. Without work songs, the white and Latino inmates chopped two to a tree – With work songs, the black inmates chopped four, six, eight, or ten to a tree.† This scenario illustrates how the prison workers derive inspiration to do heavy work or duty efficiently through wor k songs. In the song ‘Rosie’, the lines â€Å"Be my woman, gal, I’ll be your man †¦ When she walks she reels and rocks behind† indicate the fondness of African American culture on love and romance, especially the manner in which men express intense devotion to the women they love so that romantic themes in work songs enhance the motivating effect of rhythms. Similarly, in the past, black slaves and African Americans of the later age had sung work songs for the positive influence these songs create on their attitude, becoming disposed to higher level of productivity at work and gaining more sense of solidarity and fulfilment as music brought workmates together toward warm companionship in order to drive away anxieties and accomplish larger amount of tasks. 3. What roles does music play in the religious service described in the first part of the chapter in your text? What is the Deacon’s Devotional? What is whooping? How is this type of religious service connected to African rituals we’ve looked at? (8 points) In the religious service music, as music of worship, functions as a powerful element of devotion and a means to grow further in spiritual faith and loyalty to the church as such music guides and moves the people of the church to solemn thoughts and positive energy levels by which to expel the daily troubles of life. Black churches normally possess the most compelling music of worship out of â€Å"modern gospel quartets, powerful massed choirs, and soloists† whose enthusiastic and emotional singing performance may be observed as highly